The article discusses the topic of truth and lie in the narration of, and the world depicted in Antony Pogorelsky’s (a penname of Alexey Alexeyevich Perovsky) set of short stories entitled The Double, or My Evenings in Little Russia, and in particular in the set’s framework structure. The author analyses the interaction between two protagonists and discourse participants: Antony, an alter ego of the real writer, and The Double, an alter ego of the fictitious writer. The phenomenon of the double, that fascinated the romanticists, together with its symbolism and attributes (mirror, twins, two, split personality) is the author’s starting point for literary consideration of the issue of fiction and literary mystification. The author al...